Portal:Finland

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Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia. Finland covers an area of 338,145 square kilometres (130,559 sq mi) and has a population of 5.6 million. Helsinki is the capital and largest city. The vast majority of the population are ethnic Finns. The official languages are Finnish and Swedish, of which 84.9 percent and 5.1 percent of the population speak the first as their mother tongue. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to boreal in the north. The land cover is predominantly boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes.

Finland was first settled around 9000 BC after the last Ice Age. During the Stone Age, various cultures emerged, distinguished by different styles of ceramics. The Bronze Age and Iron Ages were marked by contacts with other cultures in Fennoscandia and the Baltic region. From the late 13th century, Finland became part of the Swedish Empire as a result of the Northern Crusades. In 1809, as a result of the Finnish War, Finland was captured from Sweden and became a Grand Duchy of Finland, an autonomous state ruled by the Russian Empire. During this period, Finnish art flourished and the idea of full independence began to take hold. In 1906, Finland became the first European state to grant universal suffrage, and the first in the world to give all adult citizens the right to run for public office. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Finland declared its full independence. In 1918 the young nation was divided by the Finnish Civil War. During World War II, Finland fought against the Soviet Union in the Winter War and the Continuation War, and later against Nazi Germany in the Lapland War. As a result, it lost parts of its territory but retained its independence. (Full article...)

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The Laiho Trio was formed by three brothers, Altti U. Laiho (1939 Pori – 2017 Ulvila), Veikko O. Laiho (b. 1942) and Pentti K. Laiho (b. 1944). According to many experts, the trio was extremely unusual in its composition, repertoire, and virtuosity.

The repertoire of the trio consisted of big symphony orchestral compositions arranged for three accordions. The brothers grew up in the city of Pori, in southwestern Finland, but they made their main career in the United States where they lived for years. (Full article...)

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Photo credit: Christopher Batt
Juuso Pykälistö in his Peugeot 206 WRC during the 2003 Swedish Rally.

Did you know (auto-generated)

... that politician Kalervo Kummola introduced karaoke to Finland?
... that Charlotte Haining was an International Jury Member for the selection of Finland's 2020 Eurovision Song Contest entry?
... that Theodolinda Hahnsson is the first known Finnish-language female author?
... that the United States severed diplomatic ties with Finland in 1944 because of a personal letter sent to Hitler?
... that Kimmo Leinonen helped establish both the Finnish Hockey Hall of Fame and the IIHF Hall of Fame?
... that Finnish politician Kaarina Suonio answered the world's first GSM phone call?

WikiProjects

You are invited to participate in Finland WikiProject, a WikiProject dedicated to developing and improving articles about Finland.

More did you know - show different entries

...that the Finnish company YIT was responsible for the construction of the Finnish National Opera house, the Helsinki Fair Centre and Cirrus, the tallest high-rise building in Finland?
...that the paintings in the Espoo Cathedral were painted over in the 18th century, as they were thought to be "crude and superstitious'?
...that there are three unilingually Swedish municipalities in one province of mainland Finland?
...that Maria, the Finnish form of Mary, is the most popular Finnish name used during the modern era?
...that Finnish film director Valentin Vaala was reportedly so disappointed with his first film that he dumped the original camera negatives into the sea?

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This is a Good article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.

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Remedy Entertainment Oyj, trading internationally as Remedy Entertainment Plc, is a Finnish video game developer based in Espoo. Notable games the studio has developed include the first two entries in the Max Payne franchise, Alan Wake, Quantum Break and Control. Sam Lake, Remedy's creative director, has represented the company on numerous occasions.

Founded in August 1995 by members of demoscene group Future Crew, Remedy Entertainment created their first game, Death Rally, in a team member's basement. Apogee Software served as the game's publisher, and continued to be involved in the production of their next title, Max Payne, which received critical acclaim upon release. The game was followed by a sequel, Max Payne 2: The Fall of Max Payne, released by Rockstar Games. After spending seven years working on the Max Payne franchise, the developer decided to create a new intellectual property called Alan Wake. This title was once suspected to be vaporware because of the length of time it took to produce and release. It gained a cult following when it was released in 2010, by Microsoft Game Studios, though at the time its sales were not enough to justify the production of a sequel. Remedy decided to pursue a new project named Quantum Break, which further expanded the live-action component of Alan Wake. The team had transitioned to become a multi-project studio since 2016, and had three projects in development, including Control and the single-player portions of CrossfireX. Remedy’s latest title, Alan Wake II, was released on 27 October 2023. They are currently developing Control 2 and a remake of their original Max Payne titles. (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various Finland-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Pieces of the Antrea Net (8,300 BC), the oldest-known fishing net in the world. (from History of Finland)
Image 2Prehistoric red ochre painted rock art of moose, human figures, and boats in Astuvansalmi, Finland, from ca. 3800–2200 BC (from Culture of Finland)
Image 3(1809 Diet of Porvoo) The sovereign's pledge, printed in Finnish (from History of Finland)
Image 4Painting of Lalli killing Henry. Painting by C. A. Ekman. (from History of Finland)
Image 5The Finno-Soviet Treaty (from History of Finland)
Image 6Map of Finnish areas ceded to the Soviet Union in 1944, after the Continuation War (from History of Finland)
Image 7Badge of the Finnish White/Civil Guard (from History of Finland)
Image 8Women in sauna with Vihtas
Image 9Battle of Gangut (Hanko) was part of the Great Northern War during 1700–1721. (from History of Finland)
Image 10Stone Age stone axe engraved with human face found from Kiuruvesi. (from History of Finland)
Image 11Kastelli Giant's Church in Pattijoki by Pöljä culture [fi] (from History of Finland)
Image 12Karjalanpiirakka, a traditional Finnish pastry (from Culture of Finland)
Image 13In the sauna, by Pekka Halonen, 1925 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 14The ruins of Vammala burned by the Reds, during the Civil war (from History of Finland)
Image 15Northern Europe in 814 (from History of Finland)
Image 16A summer cottage (mökki) on a lake island (from Culture of Finland)
Image 17In the middle is the patron saint of Finland, Saint Henry, on the right side of him is Bishop Konrad Bitz and on the left is Dean Magnus Stjernkors; from Missale Aboense (1488) (from History of Finland)
Image 18In 2011 figure skater Kiira Korpi was ranked 4th in the world. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 19Wehrmacht soldiers with a local Sámi reindeer herder, Lappland, Sodankylä, Finland 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 20Marshal of Finland Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim visit in Germany, 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 21Alvar Aalto, Viipuri Library (1927–35) (from Culture of Finland)
Image 22Jean Sibelius at work in his study (from History of Finland)
Image 23Finnish folk dancers in a 1907 postcard sent from Mustamäki, Finland (from Culture of Finland)
Image 24The Finnish composer Jean Sibelius (1865–1957), a significant figure in the history of classical music (from Culture of Finland)
Image 25The Swedish empire at its largest. Most of present-day Finland was part of Sweden proper, rike, shown in dark green. (from History of Finland)
Image 26Turku Cathedral and its surroundings from 1814 (from History of Finland)
Image 27Pekka Halonen's painting "against persecutors" from 1896 depicts the warfare of the ancient Finns. (from History of Finland)
Image 28Imagery collage of Birger Jarl conquering Häme and the construction of Häme Castle (from History of Finland)
Image 29Grand Duchy of Finland, 75 kopek assignat (1824) (from History of Finland)
Image 30The first government of independent Finland. P. E. Svinhufvud, the first Prime Minister of Finland, sitting at the head of the table. (from History of Finland)
Image 31Homann's map of the Scandinavian Peninsula and Fennoscandia with their surrounding territories: northern Germany, northern Poland, the Baltic region, Livonia, Belarus, and parts of Northwest Russia. Johann Baptist Homann (1664–1724) was a German geographer and cartographer; map dated around 1730. (from History of Finland)
Image 32This 1825 map of the Grand Duchy of Finland is from a larger work, geographical atlas of the Russian Empire. (from History of Finland)
Image 33Identification document and tag of a Finnish war child (from History of Finland)
Image 34A peasant girl and a woman in traditional dress from Ruokolahti, eastern Finland, as depicted by Severin Falkman in 1882 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 35Sámi / Laplander family in traditional costumes from Finland. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 36Students on Helsinki's Esplanadi wearing their caps on Vappu (from Culture of Finland)
Image 37Signing the Helsinki Accords are the West German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, East Germany's leader Erich Honecker, US president Gerald Ford and the Austrian chancellor Bruno Kreisky (from History of Finland)
Image 38Memorial of the Mannerheim Cross Knights of Parikkala, Finland (from History of Finland)
Image 39Helsinki Accords Treaty (from History of Finland)
Image 402007 Formula One World Champion Kimi Räikkönen celebrating victory at the 2007 Brazilian Grand Prix (from Culture of Finland)
Image 41Apocalyptica's Perttu Kivilaakso playing metal music live (from Culture of Finland)
Image 42A smoke sauna (savusauna) in Enonkoski (from Culture of Finland)
Image 43Paavo Nurmi at the 1920 Summer Olympics (from Culture of Finland)
Image 44The area controlled by Finland at its largest, in 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 45Lapua Movement supporters beating the "red officer" Eino Nieminen in front of the Vaasa courthouse during the 4 June 1930 riot. (from History of Finland)
Image 46Three Finnish Romani women in Helsinki, Finland, in 1930s (from Culture of Finland)
Image 47Winter War Monument in Suomussalmi, Kainuu, Finland (from History of Finland)
Image 48Kalmar Union in 1400s (from History of Finland)
Image 49Kreeta Haapasalo Playing the Kantele in a Peasant Cottage (1868), by Robert Wilhelm Ekman (from History of Finland)
Image 50People gathered in the Senate Square for a demonstration against the February Manifesto in March 1899. (from History of Finland)
Image 51President K. J. Ståhlberg in his office in 1919 (from History of Finland)
Image 52Finland Ostrobothnia regiment uniforms in 1705 (from History of Finland)
Image 53Linus Torvalds, a famous Fennoswede software engineer, best known for initiating the development of the Linux kernel (from Culture of Finland)
Image 54Midsummer bonfire (kokko) in Mäntsälä (from Culture of Finland)
Image 55Finnish Guards' Rifle Battalion, 1850s (from History of Finland)
Image 56Captain Aarne Juutilainen at the front at Kollaa during the Winter War (from History of Finland)
Image 57Ancylus Lake covered major part of Finland (7,500–6,000 BC) (from History of Finland)
Image 58Stone Age dwelling named Kierikki 5000–3000 BC (from History of Finland)
Image 59The decision of the Soviet of the People's Comissars' to recognise Finnish independence, signed by Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Grigory Petrovsky, Joseph Stalin, Isaac Steinberg, Vladimir Karelin, and Alexander Schlichter (from History of Finland)
Image 60S/S Urania in Hanko harbor in 1893, with 509 emigrants on board on their way to America (from History of Finland)
Image 61President Urho Kekkonen's funeral procession in 1986 (from History of Finland)
Image 62The area of Finland in the years 1920–1940. The 1935 county and municipality division on the map. (from History of Finland)
Image 63An old drawing of the city of Turku in the 18th century (from History of Finland)
Image 64Janne Ahonen is considered one of the best and most successful currently active ski jumpers. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 65Erkki Karu, one of the pioneers of the Finnish cinema, with cinematographer Eino Kari in 1927 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 66A view of Pohjoisesplanadi in the center of Helsinki in 1891 (from History of Finland)
Image 67A reconstruction of a 12th-century Perniö costume (from History of Finland)
Image 68Eero Järnefelt, Burning the Brushwood, 1893 (from History of Finland)
Image 69The part of Finland controlled by the Reds at its largest in February–March 1918 (from History of Finland)
Image 70Women dressed in Finnish folk costumes (from Culture of Finland)
Image 71A group of Finnish soldiers operating a Bofors gun during the Continuation War in 1943 (from History of Finland)
Image 72Battle of Valkeala was part of the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790). (from History of Finland)
Image 73A triptych by Akseli Gallen-Kallela, depicting the Aino Story of Kalevala on three panes (from Culture of Finland)
Image 74Uspenski Cathedral in Helsinki (from Culture of Finland)
Image 75Mikael Agricola hands over the Finnish Translation of the New Testament to King Gustav Wasa. (from History of Finland)
Image 76Jussipaita (transl. Jussi sweater); a traditional sweater from the Finnish region of Southern Ostrobothnia (from Culture of Finland)

In the news

2 April 2024 – Viertola school shooting: A student is killed and two others are injured in a shooting at a school in Vantaa, Uusimaa, Finland. A 12-year-old student is detained. (AP) (Yle)
1 March 2024 – 2024 Finnish presidential election: Alexander Stubb is sworn in as the 13th President of Finland. (Reuters)
11 February 2024 – 2024 Finnish presidential election: Alexander Stubb is elected President of Finland with 51.6% of the vote.(Yle)
27 January 2024 – Israel–Hamas war: The United Kingdom, United States, Australia, Italy, Canada, Finland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Germany suspend humanitarian aid to UNRWA over allegations that some UNRWA staff members were involved in the Hamas-led attack on Israel. (BBC News) (CBS News)
14 December 2023 – Finland–United States relations: Finland announces the creation of a defense cooperation agreement with the United States. The agreement will grant Finland access to American military resources for use in defensive operations, while the US will gain military access to Finland in the event of conflict. (Reuters)
29 November 2023 – Finland–Poland relations, Finland–Russia relations: National Security Bureau chief Jacek Siewiera announces that Poland will send "a team of military advisors" to the Finland–Russia border in response to an official request for allied support. Finland says it was unaware of the Polish offer. Russia warns against the move, viewing the concentration of troops on the border as a threat. (Reuters)

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Panoramic photo shot of Jyväskylä, Finland

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Albert Edelfelt - Louis Pasteur - 1885
Anefo 932-2378 Keke Rosberg, Zandvoort, 03-07-1982 - Restoration
Eero-Saarinen (cropped)
FIN-A36b-Finlands Bank-20 Markkaa (1862)
Hankopan
Helsinki July 2013-14
Helsinki July 2013-27a
Kaleva Church 4
Kolmen valtakunnan rajapyykki 27.4.1945
Lutheran Cathedral Helsinki edit
Makasiinit tulessa
Neste Oil Rally 2010 - Jari-Matti Latvala in shakedown
Nils Torvalds MEP, Strasbourg - Diliff
Peugeot 206 WRC
Rally Finland 2010 - shakedown - Nasser Al-Attiyah 1
Scandinavia.TMO2003050
Silja Serenade in Stockholm
VR Sr1 3015 Kuopio Drawbridge
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Albert Edelfelt - Louis Pasteur - 1885
Anefo 932-2378 Keke Rosberg, Zandvoort, 03-07-1982 - Restoration
FIN-A36b-Finlands Bank-20 Markkaa (1862)
Hankopan
Helsinki July 2013-14
Helsinki July 2013-27a
Kaleva Church 4
Kolmen valtakunnan rajapyykki 27.4.1945
Lutheran Cathedral Helsinki edit
Makasiinit tulessa
Neste Oil Rally 2010 - Jari-Matti Latvala in shakedown
Nils Torvalds MEP, Strasbourg - Diliff
Peugeot 206 WRC
Rally Finland 2010 - shakedown - Nasser Al-Attiyah 1
Scandinavia.TMO2003050
Silja Serenade in Stockholm
VR Sr1 3015 Kuopio Drawbridge
Vexi Salmi

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