User:Northamerica1000/Portals of the world

 Countries of the world portals Portal information – October 2019 to January 2020 

Countries of the world

Afghanistan

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Qalat, Zabul Province in 2010

Environmental issues in Afghanistan are monitored by the National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA). They predate the political turmoil of the past few decades. Forests have been depleted by centuries of grazing and farming, practices which have only increased with modern population growth. (Full article...)

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General images The following are images from various Afghanistan-related articles on Wikipedia.

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  Map of the situation in Afghanistan in late 1996; Massoud (red), Dostum (green) and Taliban (yellow) territories. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  President Hamid Karzai observing the honor guard of the Afghan armed forces during the 2011 Afghan Independence Day. (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  Typical Afghan food table (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  Modern-day sketch work of Mahmud Hotak (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Mohammad Zahir Shah in 1963
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  Some of the popular Afghan dishes, from left to right: 1. Lamb grilled kebab (seekh kabab); 2. Palao and salad; 3. Tandoori chicken; and 4. Mantu (dumplings). The Afghan cuisine includes a blend of Central Asian, Eastern Asian, South Asian and the Middle Eastern cuisines. Nearly all Afghan dishes are non-spicy. (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  Outside the Presidential Palace in Kabul, a day after the Marxist revolution on April 28, 1978. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Alexander's troops beg to return home from India in plate 3 of 11 by Antonio Tempesta of Florence, 1608. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  A map of Afghanistan showing the 2021 Taliban offensive (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Afghan President Hamid Karzai speaking before U.S. Congress in June 2004 (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Arachosia, Aria and Bactria were the ancient satraps of the Achaemenid Empire that made up most of what is now Afghanistan during 500 BCE. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Players in a game of buzkashi, the national sport (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  The day after the Marxist revolution on April 28, 1978 (from History of Afghanistan)
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  The Bimaran casket, representing the Buddha surrounded by Brahma (left) and Śakra (right) was found inside a stupa with coins of Azes inside. British Museum. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Kabul during civil war in 1993 (from History of Afghanistan)
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  An Afghan man with a tasbih (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  Alexander Empire in South Asia (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Elements of Afghan culture including: tabla and harmonium musical instruments, an Afghan carpet, teapot, and sheer pira dessert (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  The Mahajanapadas, including the Gandhara and Kambojas kingdoms and Achaemenid Empire in West, around c. 500 BCE (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Map of Afghanistan 1839–1863, showing the First Anglo-Afghan war, and unification of Afghanistan by Dost Mohammad Khan (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Soldiers of the Afghan National Army in 2010, including the ANA Commando Battalion standing in the front.
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  Afghan musicians in Farah, Afghanistan. (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  Map of the region during the 7th century (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Former Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf sent more troops against the United Front of Ahmad Shah Massoud than the Afghan Taliban. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Map of Ghurid territory, before the assassination of Muhammad of Ghor. In the west, Ghurid territory extended to Nishapur and Merv, while Ghurid troops reached as far as Gorgan on the shores of the Caspian Sea. Eastward, the Ghurids invaded as far as Bengal. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  NATO's military terminal at Kabul International Airport (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Taliban fighters patrolling Kabul in a Humvee, 17 August 2021 (from History of Afghanistan)
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  From left to right: Abdullah Abdullah, John Kerry and Ashraf Ghani during the 2014 Afghan presidential election (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Gandhara Buddhist reliquary with content, including Indo-Parthian coins. 1st century CE.
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  Kushan territories (full line) and maximum extent of Kushan dominions under Kanishka (dotted line), according to the Rabatak inscription (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Tents of Afghan nomads in the northern Badghis Province of Afghanistan. Early peasant farming villages came into existence in Afghanistan about 7,000 years ago. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Ghaznavid Empire at its greatest extent in 1030 CE (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Much of the area corresponding to modern-day Afghanistan was subordinated to the Achaemenid Empire (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Ethnolinguistic groups in Afghanistan in 1982 (from History of Afghanistan)
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  An Afghan boy with a kite (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  Map of the Hotak Empire during the Reign of Mirwais Hotak, 1715. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Timurid Empire at its greatest extent in 1405 (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Ethno-linguistic map of Afghanistan 1997 (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Hotaki Empire, 1728 (from History of Afghanistan)
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  A miniature from Padshahnama depicting the surrender of the Shia Safavid garrison of Kandahar in 1638 to the Mughal army of Shah Jahan commanded by Kilij Khan. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Herat Citadel in the western Afghan city of Herat (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  Present-day location of Afghanistan in Asia (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Approximate maximum extent of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom circa 180 BCE, including the regions of Tapuria and Traxiane to the West, Sogdiana and Ferghana to the north, Bactria and Arachosia to the south. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Map of the situation in Afghanistan in August 2001 until October 2001 (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Mongol invasions and conquests seriously depopulated large areas of Afghanistan (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Women painting at the Center for Contemporary Arts Afghanistan (CCAA) in Kabul. (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  Songbirds in cages at a farm in Nangarhar Province, used for the pleasure of the site's farmers (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  Women dancing in traditional dress in San Francisco (from Culture of Afghanistan)
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  Vishnu Nicolo Seal representing Vishnu with a worshipper (probably Mihirakula), 4th–6th century CE. The inscription in cursive Bactrian reads: "Mihira, Vishnu and Shiva". British Museum. (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Gandhara Kingdom in Early Vedic Period, around 1500 BCE (from History of Afghanistan)
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  The Sasanian Empire at its greatest extent c. 620, under Khosrow II (from History of Afghanistan)
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  King Yaqub Khan with Britain's Sir Pierre Louis Napoleon Cavagnari, 26 May 1879, on the occasion of the signing of the Treaty of Gandamak (from History of Afghanistan)
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  Map of Afghanistan (Emirate) and surrounding nations, dated 1860. (from History of Afghanistan)

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Topics

{{Afghanistan topics}} {{Anglo-Afghan War}} {{Cinema of Afghanistan}} {{Afghan clothing}} {{Dams and reservoirs in Afghanistan}} {{DRA topics}} {{Afghan diaspora}} {{Durrani dynasty}} {{Ethnic groups in Afghanistan}} {{International schools in Afghanistan}} {{Languages of Afghanistan}} {{Mosques in Afghanistan}} {{National sports teams of Afghanistan}} {{AfghanPrisons}} {{Provinces of Afghanistan}} {{Afghan security forces}} {{Television stations in Afghanistan}} {{Afghan universities}} {{Years in Afghanistan}} {{Soviet–Afghan War}} {{Afghanistan War}} {{Military operations in the war in Afghanistan}} {{US War on Terror}} {{Economic Cooperation Organization}} {{South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation}}

Algeria -

Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia; to the east by Libya; to the southeast by Niger; to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara; to the west by Morocco; and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. Algeria has a semi-arid climate, with the Sahara desert dominating most of the territory except for its fertile and mountainous north, where most of the population is concentrated. Spanning 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), it is the world's tenth largest nation by area, and the largest nation in Africa. With a population of 44 million, Algeria is the tenth-most populous country in Africa, and the 32nd-most populous country in the world. The capital and largest city is Algiers, located in the far north on the Mediterranean coast. (Full article...)

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Benin -

Benin (/bɛˈniːn/ ben-EEN, /bɪˈniːn/ bin-EEN; French: Bénin [benɛ̃] , Fon: Benɛ, Fula: Benen), officially the Republic of Benin (French: République du Bénin), and also known as Dahomey, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east, Burkina Faso to the north-west, and Niger to the north-east. The majority of its population lives on the southern coastline of the Bight of Benin, part of the Gulf of Guinea in the northernmost tropical portion of the Atlantic Ocean. The capital is Porto-Novo, and the seat of government is in Cotonou, the most populous city and economic capital. Benin covers an area of 114,763 km² (44,310 sq mi), and its population in 2021 was estimated to be approximately 13 million.0 It is a small, tropical country. It is one of the least developed, with an economy heavily dependent on agriculture, and is an exporter of palm oil and cotton. Some employment and income arise from subsistence agriculture. (Full article...)

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Parakou

Botswana -

Botswana, officially the Republic of Botswana, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Botswana is topographically flat, with approximately 70 percent of its territory being the Kalahari Desert. It is bordered by South Africa to the south and southeast, Namibia to the west and north, Zambia to the north and Zimbabwe to the northeast. Being a country of slightly over 2.4 million people, and roughly the size of France, Botswana is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. It is essentially the nation state of the Tswana people, who make up 79% of the population. (Full article...)

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Burundi -

The Kingdom of Burundi (French: Royaume du Burundi), also known as Kingdom of Urundi (Kirundi: Ubwami bw'Urundi), was a Bantu kingdom in the modern-day Republic of Burundi. The Ganwa monarchs (with the title of mwami) ruled over both Hutus and Tutsis. Created in the 16th century, the kingdom was preserved under German and Belgian colonial rule in the late 19th and early 20th century and was an independent state between 1962 and 1966. (Full article...)

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General images The following are images from various Burundi-related articles on Wikipedia.

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  The flag of the Kingdom of Burundi (1962–1966). (from History of Burundi)
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  Independence Square and monument in Bujumbura. (from History of Burundi)
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  Burundian Drummers (from Culture of Burundi)
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  People fleeing during 1993 Burundian genocide (from History of Burundi)
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  Central Bujumbura, capital of Burundi (from Culture of Burundi)
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  Football in Burundi (from Culture of Burundi)

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• For more images of Burundi, see the Wiki Loves Africa in Burundi category at Wikimedia Commons.

Burkino Faso -

Burkina Faso is a landlocked country in West Africa. It covers an area of 274,223 km² (105,878 sq mi), bordered by Mali to the northwest, Niger to the northeast, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to the south, and Ivory Coast to the southwest. As of 2021, the country had an estimated population of 23,674,480. Previously called the Republic of Upper Volta (1958–1984), it was renamed Burkina Faso by President Thomas Sankara. Its citizens are known as Burkinabè, and its capital and largest city is Ouagadougou. (Full article...)

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Cameroon -

The Baháʼí Faith in Cameroon was established when the country was separated into two colonies - British and French Cameroon. The first Baháʼí in Cameroon was Enoch Olinga, who had left his homeland of Uganda to bring the religion to British Cameroon in 1953. Meherangiz Munsiff, a young Indian woman who had moved from Britain, arrived in French Cameroon April 1954 - both Olinga and Munsiff were honoured with the title Knight of Baháʼu'lláh. In 2003 Baháʼís estimated there were 40,000 adherents of the religion in the country. The Association of Religion Data Archives (relying on World Christian Encyclopedia) estimated about 50800 Baháʼís in 2005. (Full article...)

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General images The following are images from various Democratic Republic of the Congo-related articles on Wikipedia.

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  National Museum, Yaounde (from Tourism in Cameroon)
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  Hippopotamus at the Benoue National Park (from Tourism in Cameroon)
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  Gorilla at Mefou primate sanctuary (from Tourism in Cameroon)
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  Limbe Beach with people engaging in various activities (from Tourism in Cameroon)
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  Giraffes in Waza National Park (from Tourism in Cameroon)
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  A musician plays traditional African music during the closing ceremony of French RECAMP-concept (reinforcement of African peacekeeping capacities) in Douala, November 23, 2006 (from Culture of Cameroon)
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  Reunification Monument, Yaounde (from Tourism in Cameroon)
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  Cameroonian fashion is varied and often mixes modern and traditional elements. Note the wearing of sun glasses, Monk shoes, sandals, and a Smartwatch. (from Culture of Cameroon)
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  Kribi Beach (from Tourism in Cameroon)
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  Chimpanzee at Mefou primate sanctuary (from Tourism in Cameroon)

Cape Verde -

Cape Verde (/ˈvɜːrd(i)/ , VURD or VUR-dee) or Cabo Verde (/ˌkɑːboʊ ˈvɜːrdeɪ/ , /ˌkæb-/ KA(H)B-oh VUR-day; Portuguese: [ˈkaβu ˈveɾðɨ]), officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an archipelago and island country of West Africa in the central Atlantic Ocean, consisting of ten volcanic islands with a combined land area of about 4,033 square kilometres (1,557 sq mi). These islands lie between 600 and 850 kilometres (320 and 460 nautical miles) west of Cap-Vert, the westernmost point of continental Africa. The Cape Verde islands form part of the Macaronesia ecoregion, along with the Azores, the Canary Islands, Madeira and the Savage Isles. (Full article...)

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Central African Republic

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The Central African Empire (French: Empire centrafricain) was established on 4 December 1976 when the then-President of the Central African Republic, Jean-Bédel Bokassa, declared himself Emperor of Central Africa. The empire would be dissolved less than three years later when French and Central African forces overthrew Bokassa and re-established the Central African Republic on 21 September 1979. (Full article...)

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Boganda in 1958

Barthélemy Boganda (c. 1910 – 29 March 1959) was a Central African politician and independence activist. Boganda was active prior to his country's independence, during the period when the area, part of French Equatorial Africa, was administered by France under the name of Oubangui-Chari. He served as the first Premier of the Central African Republic as an autonomous territory.

Boganda was born into a family of farmers, and was adopted and educated by Roman Catholic missionaries after the deaths of his parents. In 1938, he was ordained as a Roman Catholic priest. During World War II, Boganda served in a number of missions and afterwards was persuaded by the Bishop of Bangui to enter politics. In 1946, he became the first Oubanguian elected to the National Assembly of France, where he spoke out against racism and the abuses of the colonial regime. He then returned to Oubangui-Chari to form a political organisation, culminating in the 1949 foundation of the Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa (MESAN), which became popular among villagers and the peasantry. Boganda was laicized from the priesthood after developing a relationship with and eventually marrying Michelle Jourdain, a parliamentary secretary. Nonetheless, he continued to advocate for equal treatment and fundamental rights for blacks in the territory well into the 1950s. As France conceded measures of representation to its colonies, MESAN won local elections and he gained influence in Oubangui-Chari's government, though his reputation suffered when he backed an unsuccessful economic scheme. (Full article...)

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General images The following are images from various Central African Republic-related articles on Wikipedia.

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  A soldier with France's 11th Marine Artillery Regiment during military exercises in the Central African Republic in 1992 (from History of the Central African Republic)
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  Fufu (pictured right) is a staple food of West and Central Africa. It is a thick paste made by boiling starchy root vegetables in water and pounding the mixture with a mortar and pestle. Peanut soup is pictured at left (from Cuisine of the Central African Republic)
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  Faustin Touadera succeeded interim head Catherine Samba-Panza to become president following the 2015–16 elections (from History of the Central African Republic)
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  Séléka advances in C.A.R. (December 2012–March 2013) (from History of the Central African Republic)
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  First Central African President David Dacko in 1962 (from History of the Central African Republic)
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  Location of the Central African Republic (from Cuisine of the Central African Republic)
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  Rebel in northern Central African Republic in 2007. (from History of the Central African Republic)
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  Palm wine (from Cuisine of the Central African Republic)
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  Charles de Gaulle in Bangui, 1940 (from History of the Central African Republic)
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  A food aid convoy in the Central African Republic in 2007 (from Cuisine of the Central African Republic)
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  A French cuisine boulangerie in Bangui (from Cuisine of the Central African Republic)

Chad -

Chad

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Chad face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Both male and female forms of same-sex sexual activity are illegal in the country. Before the new penal code took effect in August 2017, homosexual activity between adults had never been criminalised. There is no legal protection against discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. (Full article...)

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Emi Koussi seen from space

Emi Koussi (also known as Emi Koussou) is a high pyroclastic shield volcano that lies at the southeast end of the Tibesti Mountains in the central Sahara, in the northern Borkou Region of northern Chad. The highest mountain of the Sahara, the volcano is one of several in the Tibesti range, and reaches an elevation of 3,415 metres (11,204 ft), rising 3 km (1.9 mi) above the surrounding sandstone plains. The volcano is 60–70 kilometres (37–43 mi) wide and has a volume of 2,500 cubic kilometres (600 cu mi). (Full article...)

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The following are images from various Chad-related articles on Wikipedia.

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  Mboum girls dancing in Chad (from Chad)
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  The Aozou Strip (dark green), claimed and occupied by Libya between 1976 and 1987, and territories held by Libyan-backed GUNT-forces (light green) (from History of Chad)
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  Fried or Grilled Grasshoppers (from Chad)
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  A Chadian tailor sells traditional dresses. (from Chad)
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  Group of Kanem-Bu warriors. The Kanem–Bornu Empire controlled almost all of what is today Chad. (from Chad)
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  Embassy of Chad in Washington, D.C. (from Chad)
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  Despite internal political opposition, coup attempts, and a civil war, Idriss Déby continuously ruled Chad from 1990 until his death in 2021. (from Chad)
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  A Chadian soldier fighting for Free France during World War II. The Free French Forces included 15,000 soldiers from Chad. (from Chad)
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  Toubou nomads in the Ennedi Mountains (from Chad)
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  A proportional representation of Chad exports, 2019 (from Chad)
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  Women in Mao, where water is provided by a water tower. Access to clean water is often a problem in Chad. (from Chad)
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  GDP per capita development of Chad, since 1950 (from Chad)
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  An African bush elephant (from Chad)
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  Chad is divided into three distinct zones, the Sudanian Savanna in the south, the Sahara Desert in the north, and the Sahelian belt in the center. (from Chad)

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Democratic Republic of the Congo

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A sample from the Kolwezi area with green colored Malachite containing copper and darker Heterogenite containing cobalt.

The mining industry of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (French: Industrie minière de la République Démocratique du Congo) produces copper, diamonds, tantalum, tin, gold, and more than 63% of global cobalt production. Minerals and petroleum are central to the DRC's economy, making up more than 95% of the value of its exports. According to a 2011 report the total value of the major mineral reserves in the DRC amounted to a total of over 300 billion US dollars at the time. The mining industry in the DRC mainly consists of private, large industrial mines, semi-industrial, and artisanal mines. While private sectors take on large operations, they rely heavily on artisanal mining for extraction of resources. These industries along with non-for-profit organizations are continuously changing their guidelines as the DRC becomes more and more desirable for their valuable minerals. Mining in the DRC took place beginning in the 14th century and is still very present today, with mass scale lootings halting many major projects. The main countries involved in the mining operations in the DRC are Canada and China along with 25 other international mines active in the area. While technological companies strive for sustainable production and consumption of their products using cobalt, this is often achieved by the work of artisanal mining in hazardous and unjust working conditions. The process of mining and extraction in any area has negative impacts on the environment and those living in it, however, the DRC has faced many acts of environmental injustice including child labor under fatal conditions, exploitation of laborers, and displacement. (Full article...)

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Tintin in the Congo (French: Tintin au Congo; French pronunciation: [tɛ̃tɛ̃ o kɔ̃go]) is the second volume of The Adventures of Tintin, the comics series by Belgian comic strip artist Hergé. Commissioned by the conservative Belgian newspaper Le Vingtième Siècle for its children's supplement Le Petit Vingtième, it was serialised weekly from May 1930 to June 1931 before being published in a collected volume by Éditions de Petit Vingtième in 1931. The story tells of young Belgian reporter Tintin and his dog Snowy, who are sent to the Belgian Congo to report on events in the country. Amid various encounters with the native Congolese people and wild animals, Tintin unearths a criminal diamond smuggling operation run by the American gangster Al Capone.

Following on from Tintin in the Land of the Soviets and bolstered by publicity stunts, Tintin in the Congo was a commercial success within Belgium and was also serialised in France. Hergé continued The Adventures of Tintin with Tintin in America in 1932, and the series subsequently became a defining part of the Franco-Belgian comics tradition. In 1946, Hergé re-drew and coloured Tintin in the Congo in his distinctive ligne-claire style for republication by Casterman, with further alterations made at the request of his Scandinavian publisher for a 1975 edition. (Full article...)

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Male okapi at Beauval Zoo

The okapi (/oʊˈkɑːpiː/; Okapia johnstoni), also known as the forest giraffe, Congolese giraffe and zebra giraffe, is an artiodactyl mammal that is endemic to the northeast Democratic Republic of the Congo in central Africa. However, non-invasive genetic identification has suggested that a population has occurred south-west of the Congo River as well. It is the only species in the genus Okapia. Although the okapi has striped markings reminiscent of zebras, it is most closely related to the giraffe. The okapi and the giraffe are the only living members of the family Giraffidae. (Full article...)

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General images The following are images from various Democratic Republic of the Congo-related articles on Wikipedia.

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• See the following category pages at Wikimedia Commons for more images of Guinea-Bissau.
• Wiki Loves Africa 2017 in Guinea-Bissau
• Wiki Loves Africa 2015 in Guinea-Bissau

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The following are images from various Ivory Coast-related articles on Wikipedia.

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– Topic outline of São Tomé and Príncipe –

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